Victor Hugo

also Victor-Marie Hugo

1802Wikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026).Smith, C. (1992) 'Hugo, Victor(-Marie)', in Sadie, S. (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London: Macmillan Reference, vol. 2, pp. 764-765.–1885Wikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026).Smith, C. (1992) 'Hugo, Victor(-Marie)', in Sadie, S. (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London: Macmillan Reference, vol. 2, pp. 764-765. · French

Birthplace: Besançon, French RepublicWikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026).Smith, C. (1992) 'Hugo, Victor(-Marie)', in Sadie, S. (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London: Macmillan Reference, vol. 2, pp. 764-765.

Victor Hugo was a French poet, novelist and dramatist, and the leading figure of French RomanticismWikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026).. His verse drama Hernani caused a sensation at the Comédie-Française in 1830Smith, C. (1992) 'Hugo, Victor(-Marie)', in Sadie, S. (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London: Macmillan Reference, vol. 2, pp. 764-765.Wikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026)., and Le roi s'amuse, whose philandering hero is a king of France, was banned in 1832Smith, C. (1992) 'Hugo, Victor(-Marie)', in Sadie, S. (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London: Macmillan Reference, vol. 2, pp. 764-765.; Verdi's Ernani and Rigoletto were made from themSmith, C. (1992) 'Hugo, Victor(-Marie)', in Sadie, S. (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London: Macmillan Reference, vol. 2, pp. 764-765.Wikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026).. His novels include Notre-Dame de Paris and Les MisérablesSmith, C. (1992) 'Hugo, Victor(-Marie)', in Sadie, S. (ed.) The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London: Macmillan Reference, vol. 2, pp. 764-765.Wikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026).. A royalist in youth and later a republican, he denounced Louis-Napoléon's seizure of power in 1851 and spent the Second Empire in exileWikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026)., fifteen years of it on GuernseyWikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026).. He was given a state funeral in the PanthéonWikipedia (2026) Victor Hugo. (Accessed: 30 September 2026)..

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